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Nijogo of Lord Jagannath

       For the conduct of the rituals of Lord Jagannath several categories of servitors were employed and a class of servitors (Svaka) is known as Nijoga. Chhatisa Nijoga refers to thirty six categories of Servitors of Jagannaty Temple. According to the Madalapanji or the temple Chronicles, Ananga Bhima Dev has established 36 Nijogas called Chhatisa Nijoga in temple. But with the march of time and according to the necessity, the number has increased considerably. According to the report of Special Officers, L. Panda, which was published in 1955 there were then 250 Nijogas. Here is given a list of some of the Nijogas with their allotted duties.

King of Puri : The King of Puri is the Adya Sebaka or the foremost Sebaka of Lord Jagannath. He was the hereditary Superintendent of the Jagannath Temple since 1803. At present he is the Chairman if the Temple Managing Committee under the provisions of Sri Jagannath Temple Act of 1954. The important function of the Raja is now to sweep the floors of the three chariots during the car festival with a golden broom (Chherapanhara). He also performs certain other duties during Chandan Yatra, Snana Yatra, Dola Yatra etc.

 

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Mudiratha or Mudirasta : Mudiratha is considered as the representative of the Raja on some occasions. He officiates for the Raja in the Chherapanhara and other functions when the Raja is prevented from performing them due to some reason or other.

Chhatisa Nijoga Nayaka, Pattajosi Mahapatra and Bhandara Nayaka : He is the Chief of the Nijogas and execute all orders of the temple authorities. He is to see that all the Sebakas do their duty properly. He also performs the "Sari Bandha" ceremony.

Bhitaracho Mahapatra : Bhitaracho Mahapatra is the first man to go for Dwarafita ceremony (opening of the Doors) and to examine the seals places on the lock, the previous night. He checks the purity of the Bhoga offered.

Tadaukarana : Tadaukarana informs the Sebakas about the daily nitis of the deities. He maintains the traditional temple chronicle called the "Madala Panji".

Other Karanas : Various kind of other Karanas looks after the daily accounts of the temple and distribute kheis.

Charchiat : The main function of the Charchiat is to make Charcha or to see that the nitis are performed regularly.

Brahmins or Purohit : The Purohit including the Deul Purohit makes the rites like RathaAnukula. Abhisek ect. The Pujakas, who performs Vimanapuja in sixteen rituals (Solapuja) and shrotriya Brahmins, who are deputed for Nabakalabar to work as Acharyas and to perform regularly.

Puja Panda : Puja Pandas who perform Puja offer Naibedya to the deities. The Bada Panda, who is also included in the Puja Panda category is appointed to see that other Puja Pandas perform their duties regularly.

Daitas : Daitas from the core of the temple servitors. They are regarded as the descendants of the aitochthonous priests who used to worship Jagannath in His Sabari-Narayana from. They exclusively dominate the rituals of Shri Jagannath on the Special occasions like Snana Yatra, Nabakalebara, Anasara, Ratha Yatra etc.

Patis : Patis are the Brahmin sebakas in the temple. They work with the Daitas but being Brahmins have got other special function.

Duttas: Duttas paints the faces of the images, which is called Srimukha Singhara.

Khuntia : The main duty of the Khuntias is to give, "Manima Daka" and watch the deities. There are  various types of Khuntias in the Jagannath temple like, Palliakhuntia, Behera Khuntia, Bileijaga Khuntia, Rukuna Harana Khuntia etc.

Changada Mekup : He is in-charge of the wardrobe of the deities. Palia mekap, who perform some specific duties and Akhanda Mekup, who light the Ratna Dipa of the deities from Dwarafita to Pahuda are other Mekups.

Padhiaris : Padhiaris keeps watch near the Deities and call servitors for different offerings of different stages of worship.

Gochhikars : They belongs to Padhiari class and watch Jaya Bijaya Dwara.

Binakara : He plays on the Bina when the Deities go to bed.

Bhitaragayeni : Bhitaragayeni sings at the time of Pahuda and other festivals.

Samparadanijoga : They are the dancing girls or the Maharis, who once used to dance inside the sanctum before the deities retired for the night.

Madeli : Madeli plays on Madala at the time of Patuara.

Sankhua : He blows sankha or conch-shell with the Baijayantris (musicians).

Kahali : He plays on Bijekahali or trumpet.

Ghantua : Ghantua play on bell-metal gongs during daily rituals and on festivals.

Amania Chhatra : He holds the umbrella and tras over the deities during the festivals.

Gitagivinda Sebaka : This sebaka use to sing the Gitagobinda of poet Jayadeva after the Badasinghara Dhupa and at Chandana lagi.

Chakra Dihuri : He is in-charge of arrangement of lamps inside the sanctum and holds the masal (lighted torch)

Singhari & Pasupalaka : They dress the deities at different times daily and perform Abakashapuja.

Suara Badu : The function of the Suara Badu is to watch the pokharia (floor of the inner sanctuary) several times, supply khata, chauki etc.

Patri Badu : They supplies Puja Upakarana throughout the day.

Gara Badu : They supplies water requirement during Pujas and nitis.

Sudhasuara : These serviotors arrange, Ballabha Bhoga and other offereings.

Muduli : He is in charge of Puja utensils and other daily Puja upakaranas and supplies them to Mekapas.

Hadapa Nayaka, Bidia Jogania and Tambul Sevaka : They prepare and offer betels to the deities.

Ghatuaries : They prepare and serve Anjana, Chandan and Mahadipa for daily and Parbajatra Nitis.

Tulasia : He supplies Tulasi leaves daily for the Deities.

Dayanamali : He supplies scented flowers called Dayana which is the most favourite of Lord Jagannath.

Mahabhoi : He is an important servitor of the temple who supplies milk and curds to the temple kitchen and for rituals.

Paniapata : He supplies all the water throughout the day required in the temple for conducting the rutuals.

Balita Sevakas : They supplies Arati Balti to the Temple.

Kumbhar Bishois : They supply Handi, Kudia and other pottery required daily.

Daudia : Daudia supplies rope to draw water from Sri Bimala Well.

Malachula Sevaka : He is the Mail or gardener by caste. He supplies Chula or floral decorations for the deities to wear.

Mali Suasia : He supplies wodden seats (Khata Pidha ) for the Deities. He is obviously a carpenter by caste.

Jaganias : Joganias supply offering at different places during different rituals in the Temple.
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